Blood Cancer
Blood Cancer
Blood cancer, also known as hematologic cancer, affects the production and function of blood cells. It typically originates in the bone marrow, where blood is produced. This type of cancer disrupts the normal development of blood cells, leading to the uncontrolled growth of abnormal cells that impair the body’s ability to fight infections, clot blood, or transport oxygen. Common types of blood cancer include leukemia, lymphoma, and multiple myeloma. Early detection and prompt treatment significantly improve outcomes.
Types of Blood Cancer
- Leukemia: Affects white blood cells, leading to the uncontrolled production of immature cells that overcrowd healthy cells.
- Lymphoma: Originates in the lymphatic system, which is part of the immune system. The most common types are Hodgkin lymphoma and non-Hodgkin lymphoma.
- Multiple Myeloma: Affects plasma cells, a type of white blood cell responsible for producing antibodies.
Symptoms of Blood Cancer
Symptoms can vary depending on the type and stage but may include:
- Frequent infections or fevers.
- Fatigue and weakness.
- Unexplained weight loss or loss of appetite.
- Easy bruising or bleeding, including nosebleeds or gum bleeding.
- Bone pain or tenderness.
- Swollen lymph nodes, spleen, or liver.
- Shortness of breath or difficulty breathing.
- Night sweats or chills.
Causes of Blood Cancer
Blood cancer is caused by genetic mutations in the DNA of blood cells, which disrupt their normal function. Several risk factors may contribute to its development:
- Genetic Predisposition: Family history of blood cancer increases risk.
- Exposure to Radiation: Prolonged exposure to high levels of radiation.
- Chemical Exposure: Contact with harmful substances like benzene.
- Weakened Immune System: Conditions like HIV/AIDS or medications that suppress the immune system.
- Certain Viral Infections: Viruses like Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) can increase the risk of lymphoma.