Myeloma
Understanding Myeloma
Myeloma, or multiple myeloma, is a type of blood cancer that affects plasma cells in the bone marrow. These abnormal cells disrupt the production of healthy blood cells and damage bones, kidneys, and the immune system.
Symptoms of Myeloma
- Persistent bone pain or fractures
- Fatigue and weakness
- Frequent infections
- High calcium levels (causing nausea or confusion)
- Kidney problems
Causes and Risk Factors
While the exact cause is unknown, factors like aging, family history, and exposure to certain chemicals may increase the risk.
Diagnosis
- Blood and Urine Tests: To detect abnormal proteins and other markers.
- Bone Marrow Biopsy: To confirm the presence of abnormal plasma cells.
- Imaging: X-rays, MRIs, or CT scans to assess bone damage.
Treatment Options
- Chemotherapy and Targeted Therapy: To attack myeloma cells.
- Immunotherapy: Boosts the immune system.
- Stem Cell Transplants: Replaces damaged bone marrow.
- Radiation Therapy: Relieves bone pain and treats localized issues.